Clinical Studies

Lifewave: The Story of X39

ACTIVATE YOUR STEM CELLS!

“Inside these pages you will learn about the most dramatic anti-aging and rejuvenation product of our time. Benefits can be immediate. Unlike most products, LifeWave X39™ goes to work the minute you apply it.”

Special issue on LifeWave studies

Holistic Health Care & Research Organization 

 
(An International quarterly Journal of Health Sciences, 2011)

X39 Clinical Studies

Double-Blind Testing of the Lifewave X39 Patch to Determine GHK-Cu Production Levels

 
Internal Medicine Research – Open Journal Volume 6 Issue 1 (March, 2021) 
 
Purpose: To determine if the LifeWave X39 non-transdermal photobiomodulation active patch would show improved production of GHK-Cu over controls in a double blind randomized controlled trial.

Authors: Caitlin A Connor, Melinda H Connor, David Yue , Jens Eickhoff , Susan Wagner and Amy Chang

Phototherapy Induced Metabolism Change Produced by the LifeWave X39 Non-transdermal Patch

International Journal of Research Studies in Medical and Health Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 5, 2021)
Purpose: To determine X-39 patch impact in stimulation of Copper peptide biosynthesis and bio-available amino acid levels, neurotransmitters production, memory, sleep quality, vitality, muscle relaxation and blood pressure

Authors: Melinda H. Connor, D.D., Ph.D., AMP, FAM , Caitlin A. Connor, MAcOM, DAOM , Naran Gombusuren, Ph.D. , Jens Eickhoff, Ph.D. , Nathan Anderson, MACOM, LAc, Marsha Perry, RN, MA , Leonard Peugh, MAcOM

Changes in Tripeptides Produced By the LifeWave X39 Patch

International Journal of Healing and Caring (2020)
Purpose – To determine if the LifeWave X39 non-transdermal patch can produce changes in tripeptides GHK and GHK-Cu production.

Authors: Caitlin A. Connor, MAcOM, DAOM, Melinda H. Connor, DD, PhD, AMP, FAM, David Yue, PhD, Chiu-An Chang, DO,Lac, Jens Eickhoff, PhD Susan Wagner, DAOM, LAc, BCIM, and Amy Chang, PhD

LifeWave X39 Pilot Demonstrates Light TriggeredChanges

International Journal of Healing and Caring 2020
Purpose – To determine if metabolic and physiological changes were produced by participants wearing the LifeWave non-transdermal X39 phototherapy patch.

By Melinda H. Connor, DD, PhD, AMP, FAM, Caitlin A. Connor, MAcOM, DAOM, Naran Gombosuren, PhD, Jens Eickhoff, PhD and Leonard Pugh, MAcOM

Experimental Study of LifeWave, Inc. X-39 patches Summary and report

 
 
Center for Biofield Sciences, Integrated Health
 
The pilot study demonstrates a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group when compared to the control group. It can be concluded that X-39 patches are effective in bringing positive changes in the biofield and improving the overall wellness of a person.

Effect of LifeWave X39 Patches on Brain as Seen with P3 Brain Mapping: Preliminary Results

PsyTech Labs
Goal: This is a pilot project using brain mapping to assess any differences in brain function after using Lifewave X39TM for 6 weeks

Principal Investigator: Gaétan Chevalier, Ph.D., Research Director

Co-Investigator: Mary D. Clark, Ph.D., Managing Director

Metabolic implications of the Lifewave X39 Patch

 
Purpose: This study explores the metabolic implications and physiologic results of wearing the Lifewave X39 patch over a one week period of time

Author: Melinda H. Connor, D.D., Ph.D., AMP, FAM Caitlin A. Connor, MAcOM, DAOM Naran Gombosuren, Ph.D. Jens Eickhoff, Ph.D.

GHK-cu Copper Peptide

Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data- PubMed

Abstract

The human peptide GHK (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine) has multiple biological actions, all of which, according to our current knowledge, appear to be health positive. It stimulates blood vessel and nerve outgrowth, increases collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, as well as supports the function of dermal fibroblasts. GHK’s ability to improve tissue repair has been demonstrated for skin, lung connective tissue, boney tissue, liver, and stomach lining. GHK has also been found to possess powerful cell protective actions, such as multiple anti-cancer activities and anti-inflammatory actions, lung protection and restoration of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fibroblasts, suppression of molecules thought to accelerate the diseases of aging such as NFκB, anti-anxiety, anti-pain and anti-aggression activities, DNA repair, and activation of cell cleansing via the proteasome system. Recent genetic data may explain such diverse protective and healing actions of one molecule, revealing multiple biochemical pathways regulated by GHK.

 
Authors: Loren Pickart and Anna Margolina

PubMed Studies on GHK-cu Copper Peptide

 

GHK-cu  has been studied for decades with great success. There are many published studies on the potential benefits of elevating this peptide in the body. 

X49 Clinical Studies

Bone and Muscle Support in Ageing Women with Life Wave X49 TM Patch

Biomedical, Jounal of Scientific and Technical Research (Dec 2022)
 
Purpose: To determine if the Lifewave X49 Patch supports bone and muscle health in women age 40-80

Authors: Connor MH, Connor CA, Horzempa D, Yue D, Eickhoff J, Perry M and Young D

LifeWave X49TM patch supports improved results in Fitness, Strength and Stamina

 

Purpose: To determine if the LifeWave X49TM patch supports exercise fitness and strength development in men ages 40-81.
 
Authors: Connor, Melinda H, Connor, Caitlin A , Horzempa, Dan, Yue, Dawei , Eickhoff, Jens , Perry, Marsha , Young, David

Y-Age Aeon Patch

A double-blind placebo-controlled heart rate variability investigation to evaluate the quantitative effects of the organic nanoscale aeon patch on the autonomic nervous system

TANG: Humanitas Medicine 2015 ,Vol 5,  Issue 1/e5) 
Purpose: To assesss that wearing the Aeon Patch for 20 min reduces stress 

Author: Homer Nazeran

Amino Acid, Neurotransmitter, GDV and Physiological Testing of the LifeWave Y-Age AEON Patches

(Nov 2013)

Objective: This was a pilot study of 20 healthy subjects randomized ni to 10 active and 10 control subjects aged 18 and above, to assess physiological changes of the sealed FDA registered homeopathic Y-Age Aeon patch made by the Lifewave Corporation.

Authors: Connor, M. and Eickhoff, J.

IMPLICATIONS OF HEART RATE RHYTHM ANALYSIS FOR THE STUDY OF LIFEWAVE PATCHES

 

Purpose:  to test how effectively the analysis of the electrocardiogram can be used to detect changes in the human body when the Lifewave X15 nanotechnology patch is applied.

Authors: Thomas Budzynski ,Helen Budzynski, Jean Tang

Effects of LifeWave Y-age® Anti-Aging patches on varied skin types

 

(27 September  – 15th January 2011)
 
Purpose: Analyze the effect of the use of LifeWave Y-age Anti-Aging patches on various skin conditions and possibility of slowing down the aging process.
 

Author:Dr. Bella Zaicev, Balance Therapy Clinic

CHARACTERIZING THE EFFECT OF THE ENERGY EMITTED BY LIFEWAVE PATCHES ON HUMAN DNA

 

Purpose: This study is designed to demonstrate that Lifewave patches emit ane energy field and to develop a cell-free in-vitro bioassay for this emitted energy. Human DNA was used as a target biomolecule because it is known to respond to both classical and non-classical electromagnetic (EM) fields. The electrical properties of DNA were measured because they are known to correlate with physiological functions of DNA in-vivo and the electrical properties are highly sensitive to the external environment

 

Author: Glen Rein, PhD

Y-Age Glutathione

Nanoscale Glutathione Patches Improve Organ Function

 
 
Purpose: To assess the impact on the physiological functions of organs wearing the Lifewave Glutathione Patch

Author: Homer Nazeran and Sherry Blake-Greenberg

Effects of LifeWave Y-age® Anti-Aging patches on varied skin types

 
Purpose: Analyze the effect of the use of LifeWave Y-age Anti-Aging patches on various skin conditions and possibility of slowing down the aging process.

Author: Dr. Bella Zaicev

Gas Discharge Visualization Testing of Lifewave Glutathione Patches

A double blind placebo controlled randomized pilot study of 10 active and 10 control healthy subjects aged 30 and above using the sealed FDA registered homeopathic Glutathione patch made by the Lifewave Corporation and placed at the CV6 acupuncture point.

Author: Melinda H. Connor, D.D., Ph.D., AMP National Foundation for Energy Healing Karl Maret, M.D., M.Eng. Dove Health Alliance Foundation

Report for Human Clinical Pilot Study Lifewave Glutathione Patch

A pilot human clinical study examined the efficacy of the LifeWave Glutathione Patch to increase blood glutathione on nine healthy subjects.

Authors:  Energy Medicine Research Institute, Lisa Tully, PhD, founder AquaViva, Andrew Lange, ND, founder Quicksilver Scientific, Chris Shade, PhD, founder

 

A New Way to Increase Glutathione in the Body

Hippocrates: Healing our World
“A controlled study was performed to independently examine the effectiveness of the LifeWave glutathione patch for significantly elevating blood levels of glutathione over a period of first 24 hours and then over several days. The experimental protocol utilized 15 test subjects…”

Author: Steve Haltiwanger MD, CCN

Y-Age Carnosine

TESTING LIFEWAVE ANTI-AGING CARNOSINE PATCHES FOR RESTORING MENTAL DECLINE AND REDUCING STRESS (July 2011) 

Purpose: to study the effects of Carnesine PAtch on anti-aging in older persons

Authors: Thomas Budzynski, Ph.D., Helen Budzynski, Ph.D. and Hsin-Yi Tang, Ph.D.

APPLICATION OF CARNOSINE PATCH IMPROVES CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS IN DIFFERENT ORGANS

hypothesis: The carnosine patch worn 12 hours/day on alternate days for two weeks, significantly improves cellular physiologic functional status in different organs

Author: Sherry
Blake‐Greenberg
ND,
MA,
HMD,
and
Homer
Nazeran
PhD,
CPEng
(Biomed.)*

Report for Pilot Human Clinical Study of the Efficacy of the LifeWave Carnosine Patch in Improving Flexibility, Strength, and Endurance in Healthy Humans

(August 31, 2011)

Purpose: A pilot human clinical study examined the efficacy of the LifeWave Carnosine Patch to increase flexibility, strength, and endurance in 10 healthy subjects

Author: Energy Medicine Research Institute, Lisa Tully, PhD, founder

Report for Pilot Clinical Study of LifeWave Y-age Carnosine Patch in Lowering Blood Lactate Levels 

(August 16, 2011)

Purpose:  to determine the efficacy of the LifeWave Carnosine Patch in lowering LT by measuring blood lactate at increasing power levels while riding a three mile road course on an ergonometer stationary bicycle.

Author: Energy Medicine Research Institute, Lisa Tully, PhD, founder

Report for Pilot Human Clinical Study of the Efficacy of the LifeWave Carnosine Patch in Improving Flexibility, Strength, and Endurance in Healthy Humans

(August 31, 2011)

Purpose: A pilot human clinical study examined the efficacy of the LifeWave Carnosine Patch to increase flexibility, strength, and endurance in 10 healthy subjects

Author: Energy Medicine Research Institute, Lisa Tully, PhD, founder

Ice Wave Patches

Effect of IceWave® organic nanoscale patches on reduction of musculoskeletal pain

 
TANG: International Journal of Genuine Traditional Medicine (2013)
 
The hypothesis: the application of IceWave® patches to the skin will reduce one’s perception of pain

Authors: Emily Piven, Rupesh Dharia, Karen Jones, Chuck Davis, Homer Nazeran

Open-label Pain Study Comparing the Effects of the IceWave® Pain Patches to the Regular Treatment of Various Pain Medications: Comprehensive Data Analysis Report

(May – June 2013)
The purpose of this open-label, dual-center, crossover study was to assess the effectiveness of the LifeWave IceWave patches in an elderly population who was on a regular regimen of pain medication.

Principal Investigator: Carl Rowe,PharmD

Sub-investigator: Dean Clark, DC

A PLACEBO-CONTROLLED RANDOMIZED STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF ICEWAVE® PATCHES ON THE REDUCTION OF PAIN (December 2012)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the IceWave® patch for reducing pain. Specifically, the aim was to determine the immediate effectiveness of pain relief using IceWave patches compared with placebo.

Principal Investigator: Karen Kan, MD

Sub-investigator: Quila Rider, RN, PhD

INVESTIGATIVE STUDY OF BIOCHIMICAL EFFECTS OF LIFEWAVE PATCHES USING BIO-EXPLORER TECNOLOGY

10 individuals suffering of chronic pain were followed over a period of twelve weeks. During the first eight weeks they have applied the LifeWave products, specifically IceWave Patches.

Authors: Dr. Danilo Toneguzzi; Dr. Susanna Carlovich; Dr. Gaia Gini

Summary of IceWave Clinical Research Study – Infrared Imaging

 
Premise: The LifeWave IceWave patches create a cooling response to skin temperature readings.

Authors: Dr. Dean Clark, DC, Dr. Steven Haltiwanger, MD CCN, Salvatore Palomares

LIFEWAVE SCIENTIFIC STUDY BY MEANS OF   AN NM4 GAUGE

 
This work verifies the effects of the application of the LifeWave devices by means of an instrument of the latest generation Mod. NM4 which measures the neuromuscular potentials, in a non‐invasive manner, both before and after the use of the devices themselves, on a sample of over 100 subjects. 

AUTHORS: Prof. Bruno Brandimarte – Biomeasurement Lecturer in the Masters of Posturology program – “La Sapienza” University, Rome. Dr. Alessandro Micarelli – Surgeon – Researcher in project on the study of Neuronitis using TC‐PET methodology Prof. Marco Alessandrini – Auxiliary Technology Lecturer in Language Pathology – “Tor Vergata” University – Rome Luca La Bella – University Expert and Lecturer in “Physical Means in Physiotherapy” Mr. Giovanni Pietropaoli, Electronic Engineer – Biomedical Field – “Rome 3” University  

A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO CONTROLLED CLINICAL EFFICACY EVALUATION OF A PATCH TO SOOTHE KNEE PAIN

 
Essex Testing Clinic, Inc (2010)
 
Objective:  to determine if the use of a patch reduces pain in subjects with selfperceived arthritic knee pain in one knee after 2 days of use in a study of 60 volunteers, aged 35-75 years, and to compare its effects to a placebo

Study Director: Annemarie E. Hollenback, BA Laboratory Manager

Principal Investigator: Toni F. Miller, PhD, DABT, BCFE Scientific Director

SP6 Patches

SP6 PATCH IMPROVES ORGAN FUNCTION

 
Health Integration Therapy, Palos Verdes Estates, CA
 
Purpose: to investigate the effect of SP6 on physiology of some of the organs that are affected by hypothalamic regulation.

Authors: Sherry
Blake‐Greenberg
ND,
MA,
HMD,
and
Homer
Nazeran
PhD,
CPEng
(Biomed.)

Mild stimulation of stomach 36 acupuncture point by organic nanoscale SP6 patch improves cellular physiologic functional status of different organs

 
TANG: International Journal of Genuine Traditional Medicine
Purpose: to investigate the effect of SP6 Patch on the physiology of organs that are affected by hypothalamic regulation.

Authors: Homer Nazeran, Sherry Blake-Greenberg, Emily Haltiwanger

Energy Enhancers

A double blind placebo controlled study of the LifeWave technology as it relates to the improvement of strength endurance in high performance college athletics 

(July 2003)

Purpose: To quantitatively assess the effectiveness of the LifeWave technology in improving the bench press performance of college football athletes during team training. 

Author:David Schmidt, Richard Shaughnessy 

 
 

LifeWave Strength Test 

 
Purpose: To quantitatively assess the effectiveness of the LifeWave technology in improving the bench press performance of fatigued college football athletes during team training.

Author: Joseph A. Goodson MS, ATC, David Schmidt

 

Human Clinical Study of the Efficacy of LifeWave Energy Patch in Improving Flexibility, Strength and Endurance in Healthy Humans

(Dec 2010)
A pilot human clinical study examined the efficacy of the LifeWave Energy Patch to increase flexibility, strength and endurance in ten healthy subjects. Results indicate that Life Wave Patches significantly increase performance in one flexibility test and three different tests of strength and endurance. A larger study is planned.

Author: Lisa Tully, PhD

 
 

The Effect Of A Non-Transdermal Surface Patch On Mitochondrial Function

This investigation will examine the effect of applying a commercially available nontransdermal surface patch containing amino-acids (proteins) on ATP production, substrate utilization, and strength. The manufacturer of this product claims the benefits of using the LifeWaveTM Energy Enhancer patches include: a) increased energy, b) increased stamina, and c) increased performance.

 

Authors: Frank Shallenberger, MD, Homer Nazaran, Ph.D

Acuscope and Skin Conductance along Meridians: Before and After LifeWave Energy Patches

(December 17, 2009)Purpose: Present research within energy medicine is uncovering the means of how the body can be stimulated to heal itself. This study investigates the activation of the bioelectromagnetic current through the meridians by use of LifeWave Energy Patches.

Authors: Thomas Budzynski, Ph.D. Affiliate Professor, University of Washington  Helen Budzynski, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, University of Washington, Hsin-Yi Tang, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Seattle University 

Effects of Lifewave Patches on Acupuncture Meridians & Biophoton Emission in Human Subjects (A Pilot Study)

 
(Dec 2009)
 
To study if application of Lifewave Energy Enhancer Patches induces any detectable change(s) in the functioning of Acupuncture Meridians and/or in Biophoton Emission intensity

Authors: Toshiaki Harada, Ph.D. Koji Tsuchiya, Ph.D. Subtle Energy Research Laboratory, California Institute for Human Science

 
 
(Sept 2005)
Purpose: This study was designed to investigate and test the ability of Life Wave™ patches to change or balance the energy in the meridians, channels of energy, sufficiently and to measure that change with the electro meridian analysis system (EMAS®)

Author: E. Reenah McGill, D.O.M., M.A., L.Ac. Doctor of Oriental Medicine

Special issue on LifeWave studies

Holistic Health Care & Research Organization 

 
(An International quarterly Journal of Health Sciences, 2011)

Effect of Novel Nanoscale Energy Patches on Spectral and Nonlinear Dynamic Features of Heart Rate Variability Signals in Healthy Individuals during Rest and Exercise 

Abstract – LifeWave energy patches are novel nanoscale semiconducting biomolecular antennas, that when placed in the oscillating bioelectromagnetic field of the body, resonate at frequencies in unison with certain biomolecules in the cells and signal specific metabolic pathways to accelerate fat metabolism. As a consequence of accelerated fat burning more cellular energy becomes readily available to support all bodily energyconsuming functions.

Authors: Homer Nazeran 1, 2, Surya Chatlapalli 1 , and Rohit Krishnam 

 
 

Heart Rate Variability Enhancement Through Nanotechnology: A Double-Blind Randomized-Control Pilot Study

 
Journal of Neurotherapy (volume 12, number 1, 2008)
 
Purpose: to test whether a proprietary nanotechnology skin patch produced for the purpose of increasing energy was also capable of modulating certain of the resonant frequencies of the body, promoting greater autonomic nervous system balance as reflected in heart rate variability (HRV).

Authors: Thomas H. Budzynski, PhD Helen K. Budzynski, PhD Karl Maret, MD Hsin-Yi (Jean) Tang, PhD

HEART RATE VARIABILITY SIGNAL PARAMETERS QUANTIFY SKIN COOLING EFFECT OF ENERGY PATCHES DURING REST AND EXERCISE IN YOUNG HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Recent Developments
 
Purpose: HRV data acquired from 20 young healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females, 19-25 years of age), in a doubleblind placebo-controlled study, were used to evaluate the skin cooling effect of these wearable devices on the ANS during rest and immediately after mild exercise while wearing active (A) and placebo (P) patches.

Author: Homer Nazeran PhD, CPEng (Biomed.)

The Effect of Energy Patches on Substrate Utilization in Collegiate Cross-Country Runners

 

International Journal of Exercise Science ( April 2011)

PubMed PMC4738995

 
The purpose of the following study was to examine the effect of LifeWave® energy patches on non-protein substrate utilization in Division-1 cross-country runners. 

 

Authors: Ryan E Fiddler, Douglas B Smith, Bert H Jacobson, Crishel D Klein, Aric J Warren, Matthew S O’Brien, Brennan J Thompson, K Lee Everett

Silent Nights

TREATMENT OF INSOMNIA WITH ENERGETIC ACUPUNCTURE POINT ACTIVATION

 
A DOUBLE-BLIND PLACEBO RANDOMIZED TRIAL 
 
Main objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of LifeWave Silent Nights® patches on quality and depth of sleep. Secondary objective To evaluate the LifeWave Silent Nights® patches safety. 50 subjects included. 46 subjects analysed. 

Author: Dr. C. Norman Shealy, M.D., Ph.D.

Hormonal, Amino Acid, Neurotransmitter, GDV and Physiological Testing of Lifewave Silent Night Patches

 
Investigational Review Board: Quantum IRB (January 2011)
 
Purpose: This was a pilot study of 5 healthy subjects who all wore the active patch aged 21 and above, to assess physiological changes of the sealed FDA registered homeopathic Silent Nights patch made by the Lifewave Corporation.

Authors: Melinda H. Connor, Ph.D., FAM Optimal Healing Research, Jens Eickhoff, Ph.D.
JC Eickhoff Statistical Consulting

THE EFFECTS OF LIFEWAVE SILENT NIGHTS® PATCHES ON SLEEP

 
The protocol and its appendices were reviewed and approved by the Quantum Institutional Review Board (USA) on March 24, 2011.
Purpose: To study the effect of the LifeWave Silent Nights® Patches designed specifically to enhance sleep. Under an Institutional Review Board approved protocol, 25 individuals suffering from insomnia were entered into the study. 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: C. Norman Shealy, M.D., Ph.D.

Research Associate: Robert Mueller

Alavida Products

 
Purpose: to investigate the effect of the ALAVIDA Anti-aging Patch on organ physiologic function. This open-label, single-site pilot investigation enrolled 10 volunteers (2 males and 8 females, 44- 65 years of age, 126-188 lbs in weight, 4’, 11” -6’, 1” in height) by applying careful inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Hypothesis: wearing a new ALAVIDA Anti-aging Patch nightly for 5 consecutive nights a week with 2 nights off over a 30 day period significantly improves cellular physiologic functional status in different organs.

Research Performed by: Sherry Blake-Greenberg MA, HMD Health Integration Therapy

Data Analysis and Study Report Prepared by: Homer Nazeran PhD, CPEng. (Biomed.)

Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Skin Care Regimen to Improve Skin Conditions

Abbreviated Summary Report

 
Purpose: A total of 51 healthy male and female subjects, 41-65 years of age, completed the clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Test Product Regimen: Daily Refresh Facial Nectar, Nightly Restore Facial Creme, and Alavida Patch 
 
 

 

 

Clinical Supervisor: Jordan DeSantis

Quality Assurance Director: Anthea Dransfield

 

Acculife for Horses

AcuLife Patches Produce Pain Relief in Horses

Objective: to follow up on our previous investigations in horses and use the combined capabilities of infrared thermal imaging and acupuncture palpation evaluation methods to show the efficacy of AcuLife patches in pain relief and further pain management in these animals.
Hypothesis:  AcuLife Patches produce pain relief in painful areas in horses.
 
Authors: Lauren DeRock DVM , Dean Clark DC, Chuck Davis PhD, Homer Nazeran PhD, CPEng (Biomed.)

Infrared Thermal Imaging Quantifies the Efficacy of IceWave® Patches in Musculoskeletal Pain Relief in Horses

 
 
The Journal of the American Holistic Veterinary Medial Association, Volume 30, No. 1 (2011) 

Authors: Lauren DeRock DVM , Dean Clark DC , Homer Nazeran PhD, CPEng (Biomed.) 

 

Single-site, Open-label Study Testing Horses for traces of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) post-AcuLife application

 
Purpose: to demonstrate that no performance enhancing drugs are being administered transdermally to horses by using Aculife patches.
Hypothesis: AcuLife patches do not introduce PEDs into the users body.

Principal Investigator: Kirk Shumpert, DVM

X20 Water Machine